Can a well-supported public broadcast system still offer something of Essay

Can an all around upheld open communicate framework despite everything offer something of significant worth Can content guidelines start to unravel the m - Essay Example Such suppositions blossom with the idea that the advancement of the administration plan frames some portion of the strategies of the open communicate frameworks. In any case, case examinations have demonstrated that open communicate frameworks can in any case accomplish a high level of capability in conveying an incentive in the manners in which that maintain polished methodology and equalization. Certain widespread edges must be met all together for the open communicate frameworks to accomplish the component of objectivity and trust from the different partners. Regardless of great strategies and sufficient financing, open communicate frameworks need to connect with specific basics that relate with the foundation of standards and perspectives that adjust with the guiding principle of media and broadcasting (Crook 54). The need to ensure reality and accomplish objectivity in revealing charges these frameworks to tie their practices under specific commitments that spread the interests all things considered. Unprejudiced detailing requires the reception of a scope of approaches that successfully associate with the basics of business as comprehended under the system of progress and improvement. Cases proliferate where open communicate frameworks have opposed the strain to acclimate into objects of control by the administration. Polished skill involves the maintaining of the enthusiasm of the lion's share while as yet shielding the privileges of the minority. Very much bolstered open communicate frameworks in parts of the world have assumed significant jobs in condemning negative strategies (Crook 19). These frameworks have exhibited an ability to keep minds open frameworks regardless of the way that they draw quite a bit of their budgetary help from such frameworks. For example, open communicate frameworks in the United States have been instrumental in giving basic examinations on issues of national significance. Such issues have remembered strategies for country s ecurity, approaches embraced on the worldwide war against psychological oppression, government arrangements on spending, and different variables that include a scope of issues that interface with issues of national significance. In these jobs, the communicate frameworks have blamed the administration on specific imperfections in its methodology. Such a way to deal with the act of broadcasting reestablishes harmony, objectivity, unprejudiced nature, and polished skill in the field of training. Open communicate frameworks host gave discussions for gatherings changing point of view regardless of affiliations or stakes. Inside the part of demonstrable skill, remembering different gatherings for the assurance of procedures regularly lines up with the need to encourage comprehension and inclusivity no matter how you look at it. Such methodologies are intended to react to the differing idea of the general public in manners that speak to the interests of all. Such a methodology offers an in centive in the acts of the open communicate frameworks as in they stay away from the enticement of sectional mollification and intentional distortion of issues. So as to evade the allurements of predisposition and biased treatment, open communicate frameworks ought to set up the edges of impact and participation in manners that ensure the standards of polished skill and journalistic guidelines as comprehended inside an all inclusive degree. Content guideline assumes a significant job in deciding the exhibition of the media in an assortment of regards. Most essentially, directing the substance of media

Strategic Management Basics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Vital Management Basics - Essay Example This is the prime motivation behind why key administration today is being embraced into all the huge associations and at all levels. Vital administration isn't only an idea, yet it is a procedure that can be used all through every authoritative level and can be coordinated into about each employment (Buhler, March 1994). Buhler (March 1994) takes note of that seeing the 10,000 foot view is at the heart of key administration. She demonstrated that when an association is seen as a coordinated and between related entire directors can without much of a stretch distinguish what should be finished. Also, the outer condition ought to consistently be considered in breaking down the association. Joining the outer concentration with an inside examination of the association would be gainful distinguishing what turned out badly and what are the variables that should be considered all together not to rehash the past errors of the association. Understanding the pith of this idea, Kinicki and Williams (2003) regarded that vital administration is a procedure that includes supervisors from all pieces of the association in the definition and the execution of methodologies and vital objectives. They included that their definition doesn't suggest that chiefs at the top can without much of a stretch direct plans to be trailed by subordinates under their volition. For sure, unequivocally on the grounds that center supervisors are the ones who will be approached to comprehend and actualize the systems, they capable ought to likewise assist with figuring them. Additionally, with that definition, we can draw the three key components of key administration. These are plan, execution and assessment. Definition The detailing part is viewed as the arranging phase of the executives. Albeit most business visionaries do some type of anticipating their endeavors, it frequently will in general be casual and unsystematic (Naffziger and Kuratko, October 1991). The real requirement for efficient arranging will shift with the nature, size, and structure of the business. At the end of the day, a little two-man activity may effectively utilize casual arranging since little multifaceted nature is included. In any case, a developing endeavor that is quickly growing with continually expanding staff size and market activities should formalize its arranging in light of the fact that a lot of multifaceted nature exists. It is additionally conceivable that a business person's arranging should move from a casual to a formal efficient style for different reasons. First is the level of vulnerability with which the endeavor is endeavoring to get built up and to develop. With more noteworthy degrees of vulnerability, business people have a more grounded need to manage the difficulties confronting their endeavor, and a progressively formal arranging exertion can assist them with doing this. Second, the quality of the opposition (in the two numbers and nature of contenders) will add to the significance of progressively methodical arranging all together for another dare to screen its activities and goals all the more intently (Chaganti et al., Spring 1989). At last, the sum and kind of experience the business person has might be a factor in choosing the degree of formal arranging. An absence of satisfactory experience, either mechanical or business, may oblige the business visionary's understanding and in th is manner require formal intending to help decide future ways for the association. To coordinate key administration, supervisors should consider the idea of vital arranging. As characterized, vital arranging is the

Lady Mary Worley Turkish Embassy letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Woman Mary Worley Turkish Embassy letters - Essay Example ’Tis extremely simple to see they have more freedom than we have†. (Montagu 1718, XXIX). Turkish women must cover themselves from head to toe at whatever point they go out. This hides their character, leaving them allowed to embrace whatever exercises they want. The ladies direct undertakings while never uncovering their character to their sweethearts. The possibility of ladies directing extra-conjugal issues was untouchable in Western culture at that point. The essayist comments that the distinction in religion helps this. Islam doesn't lecture discipline for conjugal acts of unfaithfulness, in contrast to Christianity. The ladies are allowed to direct their undertakings without moral blame or dread of disclosure. She challenges the origination that Islam abuses ladies by expressing that it doesn't lecture perdition and hellfire for ladies who have illicit relationships. The author depicts Turkish ladies as â€Å"the freest on earth†. The essayist reclassifies th e idea of the cover, an image of abuse and limitation to Westerners. The cloak liberates the ladies, giving them substantially more opportunity than their Western partners. Turkish spouses dare not wed four wives despite the fact that their religion permits it. This negates the well known view that Islamic custom favors men by permitting polygamy. The ladies have the ability to keep the men from taking up additional spouses. Turkish ladies own property, with some of them gathering immense riches. Ladies possessing property was incomprehensible in England. Turkish ladies order regard from the men and are the final say regarding family unit issues. They don't endure betrayal in their spouses; any man who wants a paramour needs to keep it mystery. Another abnormal custom the author watches relates to separate. At the point when a man who had separated from his significant other needs her back, he needs to let her go through a night with another man. This repudiates another famous thoug ht that Islamic men employ all the force in separate. The separation must be completely considered and not done spontaneously. The results of separating on impulse are agonizing for the man who needs his significant other back. The essayist again challenges the perspective on Islamic ladies as mistreated. The ladies lead conjugal undertakings yet the men can't. This is an inversion of Western culture where sexual articulation was permitted in men however disliked in ladies. The ladies have their own private space, the groups of concubines, where men can't meddle. They are held up upon by slaves and live rich, spoiled lives. In one of numerous depictions of the extravagant life in Turkey, Montagu composes; â€Å"The couches were secured with pads and rich covers on which sat the ladies† (Montagu 1718, XXVI). The ladies have all that they want and that's only the tip of the iceberg. The nature of their lives is superior to that of their Western partners. In letter XXVI, the ess ayist portrays her involvement with a Turkish bathhouse. The experience must be portrayed by a lady, as no men are permitted inside them on torment of death. She portrays the idiosyncrasies of the ladies there as polite, lovely and inviting. She stands out them from ladies back home who are inconsiderate, resentful and hateful. The gathering she gets from the Turkish ladies is absolutely polite. Her visits to the spouses of the amazing vizier and the king strengthen the idea of politeness, generosity and respectfulness in Turkish ladies.

Technology and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Innovation and Decision Making Essay The nature of patient consideration, correspondence between human services staff, and the wellbeing of patients has enormously improved since the beginning of innovation. Through the improvement of data innovation, the capacity to gather information and deal with the choices dependent on the information gathered has upgraded in the clinical setting just as in the business parcel. Medicinal services informatics consolidates speculations from educational science, software engineering, and intellectual science (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). This data assists with social occasion and procedure it so as to settle on an educated choice. Significant data could be missed if the information is overlooked. Probably the latest innovation which incorporates the web and PDAs has made it conceivable to get to data rapidly so as to settle on the best choice for the patient so as to give great quality consideration. Innovation changes each day and it is critical to stay aware of these progressions that will help bolster clinical choices made by the guardians. This paper on informatics will show the frameworks and data hypotheses, the DIK model, and the job of the master framework in nursing care and medication. Framework and data speculations Framework. â€Å"A framework is a lot of related collaborating parts encased in a boundary† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p.5). There are numerous sorts of frameworks which incorporate yet are not constrained to: PC frameworks, educational systems, human services frameworks, and individuals. Frameworks can be living or nonliving, open or shut. Shut frameworks don't act with nature though open framework can act with the earth. Open frameworks can be utilized to get innovation and those people related with its utilization. This sort of framework takes contribution from the earth, forms it, and afterward returns it back to the earth as yield, which fills in as input. This hypothesis can all the more likely assistance the individual comprehend the manner in which individuals work with frameworks in the social insurance industry and take into consideration a perception of the entire picture. A typical term utilizing in software engineering is GIGO, â€Å"garbage in, trash out†. This applies as in a framework is just in the same class as its client. On the off chance that the client is contributing trash, or low quality information, the PC is probably going to yield the equivalent. A framework requires an exact source all together for precise material to be created accordingly. Open frameworks have three sorts of qualities which include: reason, capacities, and structure (Englebardt Nelson, 2002). The design is the purpose behind the presence of the framework or the program and is frequently expressed in the organization’s statement of purpose. This is valid for human services associations, houses of worship, and schools. For instance, the statement of purpose of the neighborhood general wellbeing division to advance wellbeing, forestall ailment, and control transferable malady by offering quality types of assistance, wellbeing instruction, and natural administrations for the network. PC frameworks are frequently grouped by their motivation and may have more than one reason. By choosing a reason that all people concur upon inside the association, a framework can be picked. It is critical to require some investment to distinguish the reason with each one of the individuals who will utilize the framework. Capacities distinguish the strategies wherein the framework will accomplish its motivation. â€Å"Functions are exercises that a framework completes to accomplish its purpose† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p.6). At the point when a PC framework is picked a rundown of useful particular must be carefully recorded to recognize each capacity and how it will be performed. Frameworks are organized to perm it the capacities to be done. A few instances of organized frameworks incorporate the nursing division. The attendant in control will appoint patients to the staff medical attendants with the reason to give care. The charge medical caretaker will guarantee that the group is working with the capacity to give the consideration the patient needs and merits. Two unique models can be utilized to envision the structure of a framework: progressive and web. In the various leveled model, every PC is a piece of the neighborhood (LAN) which thus is a piece of a wide region arrange (WAN) that is associated with the centralized server PC framework. The centralized computer is the pioneer of the framework or lead part. The web model capacities much like that of a bug catching network. It has the ability to pass data to numerous offices that may utilize it for various purposes. For example,â laboratory results might be sent to the drug store to compute a prescription measurement and patient vitals might be sent to another offi ce for audit and use. â€Å"A framework incorporates basic components from both the web and various leveled model† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p.7). Everything living or nonliving are in a consistent condition of progress. Six ideas are useful in understanding the change procedure: 1)dynamic homeostasis, 2)entropy, 3)negentropy, 4) specialization, 5)reverberation, and 6)equifinality. Dynamic homeostasis comprises of keeping up an equivalent equalization inside the framework. Now and again, expanded pressure can lose the equalization and cause difficulties to the association. A medicinal services informatics specialist’s work is to diminish the pressure and reestablish the parity inside the association. Entropy can be best depicted as the inclination of the framework to separate into parts. This can be the loss of certain information when transmitted starting with one division then onto the next. All frameworks, living or nonliving, arrive at a point where they are not, at this point repairable. At the point when this point is reached, a framework must be supplanted. Negentropy is something contrary to entropy and is best d epicted as the system’s capacity to duplicate and become increasingly mind boggling. As the size of the medicinal services industry develops, so do the social insurance data frameworks. Data innovation. â€Å"Information innovation can possibly enormously smooth out medicinal services and extraordinarily diminish the opportunity of human blunder. Nonetheless, there is a developing writing demonstrating that if frameworks are not structured sufficiently they may really build the chance of blunder in the unpredictable communication among clinician and machine in healthcare† (Borycki, E., Kushniruk, A., Brender, J., 2010, p. 714). The term data has more than one importance and the term data hypothesis alludes to various speculations. The two regular hypothetical speculations of data hypotheses are: Shannon and Weaver’s data correspondence model and Blum’s model (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p. 10). The data hypothesis was introduced as a proper hypothesis in 1948 with a distribution by Claude Shannon titled â€Å"A Mathematical Theory of Communication†. In this hypothesis, the sender is the originator of the message and afterward the encoder changes over the message into a code. A code can be a number, image, letters, or words. The decoder at that point changes over the message to a configuration that can be perceived by the collector. Shannon was a phone engineer and clarified this hypothesis such that the decoder was theâ telephone changing over sound waves into a message the beneficiary could comprehend. â€Å"Warren Weaver, from the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, gave the translation to understanding the semantic significance of a message† (Englebardt Nelson, 2002, p. 12). He utilized Shannon’s attempts to clarify the interpretational parts of correspondence as every individual sees things unique in relation to the following. Various kinds of conditions may happen making a message be deciphered wrong. For instance, if a doctor is utilizing clinical phrasing that the patient can't comprehend there is unquestionably a correspondence issue. In the event that the patient can't hear what is being said in light of the fact that the ear isn't transmitting sound, at that point there is an alternate kind of correspondence issue. The message must pass on significance and produce the planned outcome. Bruce L. Blum characterized three sorts of medicinal services processing applications called Blum’s Model. He gathered these applications in information, data, or information. Information are those things, for example, stature, weight, age, and name. Data is characterized as information that has been prepared. Information is the connection among information and data. Utilizing these ideas, it is conceivable to distinguish various degrees of processing and robotized frameworks. Information, Information, and Knowledge (DIK) model Social insurance informatics can be clarified utilizing a model comprising of three sections: information, data, and information (Georgiou, 2002). The three sections are exhibited utilizing a progression pyramid. Information is the stage in the model, speaking to the establishment. Information is spoken to as realities and perceptions, however without supporting setting, the information is immaterial. Until the data is approved or controlled the information isn't noteworthy, when it is controlled, the information can offer some incentive to the client. Data is the result of information once the information has been controlled. The aftereffect of information and data is proof based information. Proof based information can be utilized to help proof based medication. A few people feel that an excessive amount of spotlight has been put on information, constraining the capacity to rehearse medication as a science. Rather, the utilization of information proposes that medication is being po lished dependent on measurements rather than science. However, similar pundits will utilize a similar chain of importance of information, data and information to treat a patient that builds up a fever after hip medical procedure. The fever alone doesn't furnish huge data yet joined with data of aâ recent medical procedure, a doctor will test further for indications of contamination. The final product is the information on why the patient is hot. Review informatics as the choice data information (DIK) model permits people to consider the to be in general. The information must be precisely speaking to what is happening or the data won't be exact

Child Poverty and the United States - Free Essay Example

Child Poverty and The United States Melissa Sandusky University of Phoenix Child poverty can be found in every corner of the world. In any country there are children living within the devastating effects of poverty. Child poverty has become a worldwide epidemic, and the impacts it has on children are countless. This paper will discuss child poverty in the United States and how it has impacted our poor children in this country. In the research I found four major ways that poverty affects these United States children. They are physical health, mental well-being, education, and environment which I will describe in further detail. People often view the United Sates as the land of opportunity and plenty. We see television ads asking for monetary donations for children in other countries who are living in poverty. We have countless organizations that work to help combat poverty throughout the world. This country may be looked upon as a land of plenty by other countries, but the United S tates also has problems of its own. One of those problems is child poverty. As of 2006, there were 39. 7 million United States citizens living in poverty, and single mothers and women had the poorest households in that same year (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). In 2006 a single parent of a household of three with a yearly income of approximately $16,000 was considered living at the poverty line (Lee, 2009). One third of all the homeless people in the United States are entire families with children, and the numbers are continuing to grow (Macionis, 2006). The statistics of child poverty in the United States are heartbreaking. There are five million poor children under the age of six years old in this country (Korbin, 1992). It has been estimated that over 17 percent of children, adolescents, and teenagers in the United States are poor. Studies have also shown that 36 percent of the impoverished people in the United States are children (Macionis, 2006). One-third of Hispanic hous eholds have children that live in poverty. African-Americans have an increased risk of their children living in poverty. Nearly 50 percent of African-American children live in poverty. Over the last 40 years, the percentage of poverty in the United States elderly has dropped, but the children living in poverty has remained the same at 20 percent (Korbin, 1992). We know that the first several years of a childs life are some of the most important developmentally. Physical health is so important in young children, but the impoverished children of the United States are at serious risk of health problems. According to Hildebrant and Stevens, the most common physical health conditions found in poor children are severe asthma, seizures, diabetes, and lead poisoning (2009). Families on welfare are almost two times at risk for having a child with a physical or mental problems. The children with parents that use assistive programs such as welfare or Medicaid show that 25 percent have one o r more health problems that are chronic. One study conducted showed that single mothers of poor children were unemployed due to their own or their childrens health problems (Hildebrandt ; Stevens, 2009). One can assume that poor children with chronically ill mothers are particularly at risk, and mothers with sick children may not have the resources to care for them properly. This goes to show that children in poor families have an increased risk of poor health and developmental delays (Hildebrandt ; Stevens, 2009). Children born into poverty during their first year of life are more likely to die from neglect, accidents, or from violence (Macionis, 2006). Girls who grow up in poverty are more likely to conceive a baby before graduating from high school. Then many of these young mothers go on welfare. Boys living in poverty are more likely to have a baby without being married. These boys are also more likely to get involved in criminal activity, and they are less likely to hold down a full time job (Corcoran, 1995). According to Lykens, Fulda, Bae, ; Singh and their research, they found that 13 percent of poor children are considered to have health problems that require special attention such as specialists. Impoverished families are 33 percent more at risk to acquire health problems that require special needs (2009). If a child living in poverty has no insurance, and are part of a minority group they are more likely not to see a specialist for their health care problems (Lykens, Fulda, Bae, ; Singh, 2009). Mental health problems commonly found in children living in poverty are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety, and depression (Hildebrant and Stevens,2009). Children living in poverty with a single mother can feel unstable and have emotional problems as a result of the mothers unstable employment. A single mother who goes off of assistance programs and then back on again can contribute to their childs mental health problems. In a study conducted on mothers who go on and off of public assistance showed that their children had more behavior problems due to the mothers unstable work patterns. (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). Poverty also effects a childs opportunities of a good education. From a young age, education is of importance in this country. Preschool costs money, and the free federally funded Head Start program has a limited number of children it reaches (Macionis, 2006). If these children are unable to attend preschool it may put them farther behind the other children in their classes in the future. Children living in poverty generally live in poorer neighborhoods which leads to going to a school that is poor as well (Lee, 2009). Children who are poor often go to school districts that are not as well equipped to teach these kids the skills they need in order to succeed after graduation (Murane, 2007). These school districts often do not have the updated materials that are being taught in the rich er neighborhoods. Research has shown that children who live in poverty often have lower reading scores than children living above the poverty rate (Lee, 2009). Impoverished children tend to be found at schools where even teachers lack leadership and important skills needed to constructively teach and handle children with learning problems. This leaves the children with learning disabilities without the necessary skills needed to earn a living (Murane, 2007). Children attending these poorer schools may not have clear role models, and they simply may not be taught that they can succeed in life. One reason needy children remain living in poverty as adults is because their parents cannot afford to help pay for further education (Crocran,1995). College simply may not be an option. According to Corcoran, adult males who grew up in poor homes had a decrease in their hourly wages by 30 percent and their yearly wages by 40 percent compared to males raised in middle class homes. These m ales also tended to work significantly less hours than males who grew up in the middle class (Corcoran, 1995). According to Korbin, children living in poverty are not poor because their parents will not work (1992). They are poor because of the low minimum wage rates, and jobs do not always provide the means to support one child let alone more than one. One fifth of childrens families have a parent who works full-time. Two-thirds of those poor children have a parent who at least works part-time (Korbin, 1992). The statistics change with singe parents living in poverty. Single mothers with more than one child must make above minimum wage at their jobs in order to afford childcare. As a result of the high price of child care many single mothers do not work and remain on welfare (Hildebrant and Stevens, 2009). A childs home environment is of utmost importance in regards to developmental and emotional milestones. Lee, through his research, determined that the more nurturing the ho me environment, the better chance a child had of succeeding later in life (2009). When a child is raised in poverty they could be without proper food, clothing, or a basic sense of security. Unfortunately, when children are raised in poor households their home environment suffers. Not only may their homes be less safe or in unsafe neighborhoods, it also leaves some children homeless. Children who suffer from poverty surround us even in the United States. There is a need to find a solution that will help these children. Children do not choose to be born into poverty, and in order to fix the problem we need to find helpful and lasting ways to help their parents. This problem is not going to fix itself, and the government has tried for many years to figure out ways to help this epidemic of children living in poverty. Although, government programs have helped some impoverished adults, their solutions have not changed the poverty rate for children (Korbin, 1992). According to Murna ne, the government should tackle the issues of poor students by pushing states to enhance high school requirements to reflect the skills needed to help them succeed after graduation (2007). Poor students have higher dropout rates and are not likely receive their diplomas. Seventy-five percent of white youth graduate high school. Only 50 percent of Hispanics and African American students who live in poverty receive their diplomas (Murnane, 2007). These statistics provide proof that education for the poor children is essential in enhancing their lives after graduation. People in charge of school reforms need to describe the skills and curriculum students should achieve each academic year. Schools should acquire principles that know how to employ and uphold successful teachers. Teachers should step in and help the student at the first sign of a learning problem and seek them out help to improve in those areas (Murnane, 2007). If we would implement these characteristics of change in our schools we could change the outcome for children living in poverty after they graduate from high school. Perhaps if our school systems focused a little more on the skills needed to obtain jobs after high school graduation, children living in poverty would have a better chance at succeeding. If our children all had the same opportunities with education at a high school level, the poor children may be able to make a better life for themselves after graduation. In conclusion, poverty is present in the United States. Impoverished children are impacted by poverty in a number of ways including physical health, mental well-being, education, and environment. Korbin states that It is said that a measure of a societies altruism or goodness is based on its treatment of its most fragile members: the young, the old, the infirm, and the disabled (1992). Perhaps the citizens of the United States can do more to help the poor children of our country. Regardless, childhood poverty is an epi demic, and our country needs to work to find a workable solution to the problem. References Corcoran, M  (Annual 1995). Rags to rags: poverty and mobility in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology,  21,  p. 237(31). Retrieved  January 13, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPS userGroupName=uphoenix Hildebrandt,  E. ,  Ã‚  Stevens,  P.. (2009). Impoverished Women With Children and No Welfare Benefits: The Urgency of Researching Failures of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program. American Journal of Public Health,  99(5),  793-801. Retrieved January 2, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  1683162601). Korbin, J. (1992). Introduction child poverty in the United States: magnitude of and trends in child poverty in the united States child poverty in the United States in global perspective in this issue references. The American Behavioral Scie ntist (1986-1994), 35(3), 213 Retrieved January 2, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:732639691. Lee, K. (June 2009). The bidirectional effects of early poverty on childrens reading and home environment scores: associations and ethnic differences. Social Work Research,  33,  2. p. 79(16). Retrieved  January 02, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId= IPS;userGroupName=apollo Lykens, K A,  Fulda, K G,  Bae, S. ,  ;  Singh, K P  (July 31, 2009). Differences in risk factors for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) receiving needed specialty care by socioeconomic status. BMC Pediatrics,  9,  p. 48. Retrieved  January 02, 2010,  from  Academic OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/ start. do? prodId=IPS;userGroupName=apollo Murnane, R J  (Fall 2007). Improving the education of children living in pove rty. The Future of Children,  17,  2. p. 161(22). Retrieved  January 11, 2010,  from  General OneFile  via  Gale: https://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPS;userGroupName= uphoenix

Evaluating the Development of further Management Education in India - Free Essay Example

Abstract Over the course of the last hundred years, business has transformed the world. It has been a driving force in shaping society and the catalyst behind extraordinary economic growth and opportunity. MBA or Master of Business Administration is believed to be one of the coveted qualifications across the globe. Graduates from all fields aspire to this qualification because it is the most widely recognized and respected qualification. It is believed that MBA enhances the earning potential of professionals and serves as a launching path to a successful and bright career due to which MBA is worth an investment rather than expenditure. Therefore, the research methodology used to write this paper focuses on management education as a service, management institute as a service provider and students, faculty, academicians, promoters, corporate and government as stakeholders. It is important to list down the underlying objectives that led the philanthropists to promote imparting management education to the young professionals. A birds eye view compares the management education scenario in India with that around the world. This not only shows the benefits but also exposes the shortcomings of the system. A holistic view is followed to develop a framework upon which the system of imparting management e ducation of high standard can be built. An autonomous model is followed to give each and every institute a platform for self improvement and self development. The government has the responsibility to setup an independent body to regulate the establishment and functioning of management education institutes. The industry acts as a facilitator by providing funds for the nourishment of these institutes and later reaps the benefits from the human resource pool. The governance practices to impart transparency to the functioning of management education institutes are also to be defined to build the trust among the stakeholders. In the end, a roadmap is prepared to implement the recommendations such that every step is practically possible and logistically feasible. The synergy between government, industry and academia is the key to success. Introduction Effective management of business has spurred the creation of jobs, the generation of wealth, and access to opportunity for an increasingly diverse population. Management education has produced leaders capable of creating effective organizations that are the core of these profound, global achievements. Successful students of management education acquire the knowledge and skills that enhance and enrich their lives and enable them to make meaningful contributions to their organizations. In turn, organizations that are successful in meeting their goals and fulfilling their purposes become enormous assets to societies, fostering greater productivity and a more desirable quality of life. The value of management education to individuals, organizations, and society is almost incalculable. Overview of Management Education in India There are over 1700 Business schools in India distributed across its different states. Approximately 100,000 students graduate from these management institutions annually. There is a positive correlation between the no of B-schools and the industrial development in the state. There are on an average 9 seats in the country per lakh of population. A large population of the capacity is filled through all India entrance exams conducted at a number of locations across the country. There has been a significant growth in the number of B-schools opened in the country over the last two decades. It can be said, that the acceleration is propelled due to acceleration in the growth of Indian economy. It wouldnt be wrong to say that it is also because of the entrepreneurial initiatives by the promoters who wanted to seize commercial opportunities in education sector. The imbalance between demand and supply has created an exploitable but overly commercial environment in the field of management education. The reason is that it is certainly not clear whether a Business school is seriously committed to the cause of imparting quality management education or just an investment based on the speculative perception of the promoter. There are no stats that actually prove whether an institution meets the norms and standards established by All India Council of Technical Education. Based on the assessments of HR managers, there will be a three-fold increase in the need of management professionals over the next 10-15 years. Thus, there will be a need to raise the output from the current level of 1, 00,000 managers to about 3, 00,000 a year over the next 10-15 years. For these, specialized management training/development programmes would be needed. Underlying Objectives of management education In a churning global marketplace, understanding the fundamental connections between business, the environment, and society has become essential. The roles and responsibilities of business as a global force are becoming more urgent and complex, and concepts related to societal responsibility and sustainability are gaining recognition as essential elements in business management. Increasing complexity and interdependence require new approaches. Companies need integrative management tools that help embed environmental, social, and governance concerns into their strategic thinking and daily operations. They need support as they internalize and integrate these issues into the core of businesses, engage in dialogue with stakeholders, and report their conduct. Academic institutions help shape the attitudes and behaviour of business leaders through business education, research, management development programs, training, and other pervasive, but less tangible, activities, such as the spr ead and advocacy of new values and ideas. Through these means, academic institutions have the potential to generate a wave of positive change, thereby helping to ensure a world where both enterprises and societies can flourish. The principles behind imparting management education to the students are stated as follows: To develop the capabilities of students to be future generators of sustainable value for business and society at large and to work for an inclusive and sustainable global economy. To create educational frameworks, materials, processes and environments that enable effective learning experiences for responsible leadership. To engage in conceptual and empirical research that advances our understanding about the role, dynamics, and impact of corporations in the creation of sustainable social, environmental and economic value. To interact with managers of business corporations for understanding their challenges in meeting social and environmental responsibili ties and to explore jointly effective approaches to meeting these challenges. To facilitate and support dialogue and debate among educators, business, government, consumers, media, civil society organizations and other interested groups and stakeholders on critical issues related to global social responsibility and sustainability. The role of the management institutions is to serve as a platform to advocate responsible management education and coordinate efforts to further develop these principles by the agents that can generate change. Value and importance of Management Education The value created by management education can be seen from the perspectives of an individual, organization and society, at large. The individuals opting for management education believe that participation in management can create lifelong rewards for them. They can develop a portfolio of personal skills that will strengthen their abilities to communicate, solve problems, make decisions, and lead organizations. Another important motive is the creation of personal wealth, self-sufficiency, and a sense of well-being. To achieve this, management institutes should educate the students in three distinct areas. Firstly, they must be equipped with specific knowledge, technical skills, and abilities that are honed through a comprehensive set of management education experiences. Secondly, students must acquire knowledge of ethics, social responsibility, law, and public policy. Lastly, students must develop and polish skills in communication, leadership, and critical thinking. In 1881, Joseph Wharton, proprietor of American Nickel Works, asked University of Pennsylvania trustees to develop the first school of business. Since then, business owners and managers have continued to engage management educators on many levels to achieve results that benefit business practice and the greater economy. Management education promotes research that advances organizational effectiveness and efficiency and generates new ideas, theories and knowledge. This helps in commercialization of effective application of new technologies for production of goods and services that enhance the quality of life. It further serves as a catalyst for innovation and continuous improvement. The knowledge produced by management education has taken on new dimensions, adding diverse areas of research such as derivative pricing, supply chain management, portfolio theory, decision making, and quantitative methods. There exists a symbiotic relationship between business and society. Management education contributes to society through creation of organizations that enable richer lives for participants, creation of wealth and economic development opportunities, creation of employment along with the supply of essential goods and services to the society. Management education has revitalized and bolstered economic development in communities by involving students, faculty, and other resources in resolving real-world problems. It is this form of societal development that best exemplifies the connection between management education, management research, and society. Identifying Shortcomings in the existing system Types of Management education institutions There are presently six types of management education organisations. These are: Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) set up by the Government of India. University departments of management studies Colleges (government or private) affiliated to universities Private or government institutes approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) Private colleges or institutes not affiliated to any universities nor approved by AICTE. Private colleges or institutes offering MBA courses in India in collaboration with foreign universities, where degree/diploma/certificate is awarded by the foreign university. All the management education institutions are not fully autonomous. People going for higher education The literacy rate of India has increased to 64.8% but, the proportion of students joining tertiary education programmes after secondary level is still disappointingly low especially management education is still not attracting people from the lower strata of the society. One of the reasons cited for this lack of access is language. Command over English language is essential for the admission into management institute. In India, education in most of the areas is still carried out in Hindi medium schools because of which students do not develop a command over English language early. Some students shift to English medium schools but do not match the level of English medium school students. This weakness becomes a shortcoming for these students when they appear for entrance exams for management institutes later. Another reason for less access to management education is lack of financial support. Education loans are not easily available. Faculty There is a severe faculty shortage for management education in India. On an average, top central universities have 34% faculty seats vacant. Very few B-schools conduct faculty development programmes for upgrading the skills of existing faculty. It has been observed that a lot of fresh B-school graduates join lower rated institutes as faculty members straight after completing their PGDM. Students in B or C grade institutes, who do not get placed, take such a decision. Hence, the quality of faculty is also declining sharply. Lectures are becoming boring and teaching styles promote spoon-feeding. The quality of graduates produced has automatically declined. Instead of resolving this problem, the regulatory body has temporarily lowered the standards it set with respect to the faculty to students ratio and also senior to junior faculty ratio in an institute. Regulatory Body All India council for technical education is the government body that forms the regulatory regime of technical institutions in India. The regulatory mechanism for management education is unsatisfactory. The criteria for norms, standards and accreditation of institutes are in place but the implementation is not proper. The worst part is that management is treated as a sub-department of engineering and there is no regulatory body giving exclusive attention to management institutes. The regulation process at AICTE is rule based rather than quality based. The reason for this is that professional staffing for AICTE is not full time and most of the staff is on deputation for short periods of time. Institute rating and accreditation There is no agency appointed by the government that can provide reliable rating to the institutes imparting management education. Some media firms come out with ratings but there is no credibility attached to their report. Some institutes voluntarily go for some accreditation. Accreditation is a process of evaluating, mentoring and helping institutes who voluntarily wish to go beyond rating. Only 20% of Indian engineering programmes are accredited so far. Moreover, some institutes mislead the consumers by making false accreditation claims. Management education for serving the society In this era of globalization, management education needs to pursue greater scope and aim at a more wholesome impact on society. Such thinking is particularly relevant to India, with its diverse socio-cultural contexts and disparities in different occupations. A majority of management education organizations in India are primarily oriented to teaching while the awareness about the society they are going to serve takes a backseat. Leading management institutions in the country have been concerned about this wider application of management. E.g. IIM-A started a Centre of Management in Agriculture (CMA) to cover research in Agriculture credit, animal husbandry, rural electrification, fisheries, poultry, forestry, rural health and nutrition, government /cooperative sector. IIM-B launched its two-year PGP to provide entry-level managerial manpower to sectors such as education, energy, transportation, environment, and agriculture. Proposed Reforms to the problems discussed above Regulatory System There should be a fully autonomous body for regulation of management institutions. Like AICTE, this council should comprise eminent professionals, educationists, industrialists and administrators. This governing council should play a promotional role, a mentoring role and a surveillance role. It can play a promotional role by identifying the promoters, foreign universities, existing institutes of excellence and help them in setting up new management institutes in different regions. The Council will also have a cell, which will entirely focus on a mentoring role to help new institutes to establish standards of excellence. The Council will establish transparent criteria for rating and accreditation. It should perform function of registration of institutes and communicate the same to the general public. For this, it should use e-governance as a tool. It should set transparent criteria for rating and accreditation. These functions can be performed by the council itself or can be outsourced to reliable agencies. The council has to set criteria that any institute willing to provide management education has to satisfy for registration, rating, accreditation etc. Some of the attributes of the criteria can be student teacher ratio, the physical parameters of space, computers, libraries etc. Apart from these minimum standards, the methodologies used to impart management education are equally important. For this the council has to carry out an in-depth analysis and judgement would be required before the quality of the institute is assessed. Such a strict and dedicated approach would be necessary to improve the standard of management education in India. All these principles of governance should apply to management institutes set up not only by the government but also by private corporate houses, foreign universities/investors, NRIs, local entrepreneurs etc. Any fraudulent practice in presentation of the data or any physical criteria should attract im mediate penal provisions and de-registration. Any unregistered establishment if found imparting management education out of the purview of the guidelines set by the management education council should be termed as illegal and attract penalty as notified by the government. The council should charge an annual fee from the registered institutes. The disputes that arise can be resolved by an independent cell headed by a judge of the Supreme Court, if necessary. Model for Management Institutes: Autonomous Body model All management institutes should function autonomously after getting themselves registered in council for management education. Each institute must carry in all its communications, information regarding whether it is registered or not, enabling all stakeholders to have the correct information on its status. If a provider of management education is not registered, it cannot offer a diploma or degree. All stakeholders (students, parents and industry) must be sensitised to the consequences of non-registration. Every institute like any organization should have a governance board. Like any organization the number of directors should range from 8-12 comprising of independent members, promoters and faculty members. The key focus of the Governing Board should be to continuously improve quality of education and research. For this purpose, they would have to maximise the resource/fund inflows and allocate/spend them purposively and efficiently. This way the Board can ensure the i ndependence of management institutes and enhance its standards. The institute should be regularly audited and the report should be submitted to the regulatory council as part of the annual re-registration exercise. Processes involved Surveillance function Council can setup a low cost e-monitoring system to carry out its surveillance activities. The information should be checked and verified in a totally transparent manner and the stakeholders in the management institutes should be encouraged to follow the whistle blowing process in case they found any discrepancy. All complaints should be handled seriously and appropriate action should be taken. Governance All management institutes must have a governing body as pointed earlier. To ensure fair and just governance the composition of the governing body can be: Total no. of members in the board should not be more than 12. 50% should comprise of independent members comprising of professionals with high reputation like managers, CAs, lawyers, academicians) 25% should be the no. of promoters. 25% should comprise of faculty members including the director. Attendance to the board meeting should be important and reasonable sitting fee should be paid to the directors. The institute should have an explicitly stated mission. The rating and accreditation process will evaluate adherence to the stated mission in practice. The Board must approve an annual business plan (revenue and capital) based on the proposals from the director and top team. The board should follow a peer review methodology for evaluation. A Compliance Officer, reporting to the Board, should be nominated for ensu ring compliance on all the governance and registration requirements. The Board has to communicate compliance every year to the Governing Council for Management Education. The board can have 2 sub-committees as well: An internal audit committee, which will meet regularly and engage with external/internal auditors. It will also ensure that all statutory compliances are met regularly. The Chairman of the audit committee should be an independent director. A governance and personnel committee which will be charged with following responsibilities: To periodically recommend new members to join the board To ensure that remuneration levels are aligned with the vision and are competitive enough to attract appropriate faculty For recruitment, promotion and review of faculty Rating The rating agencies will have a framework similar to that of CRISIL and ICRA. These rating agencies will use common standards when rating these institutes, for disseminating correct information, surveillance and for de-registering institutes who fail to qualify. The rating will be done in 2 steps: The first step of rating will cover all aspects of physical infrastructure, required for registration purposes. The second step of rating will cover processes that determine quality (admissions, teaching learning process, research publications). Before a new management institute can admit students, it has to go through the first step of rating. A reliable rating system will help the market to function better, enabling students and employers to compare different management institutes. The Rating Agency will give the management institutes a complete report with its explanations for the ratings given. The institutes will have an opportunity to express its point of view. The Govern ing Council will decide on a fair and transparent mechanism to deal with any conflicting points of view. Accreditation Accreditation will be a separate function of the Governing Council for Management Education, in addition to the Rating. Rating is compulsory but accreditation is voluntary. An accredited institute is distinct from an institute rated in whatever category and should be treated as superior, since accreditation is a continuing commitment to processes of quality enhancement. Accreditation clearly establishes the management institute as having the highest quality standard. It is similar to an ISO 9000/9001 for manufacturing/service industries. The Council may develop a special logo for its accreditation, to visually convey and set the accredited institutes apart from the rest. False claims of accreditation should be dealt with suitably. Full time expert staff in the Council, in consultation with external experts from academia and industry, will determine the criteria and process of accreditation, in line with the best global practices. The Council will charge an accreditation fee from th e institute, as is the practice nationally and internationally. Availability of Teaching staff and their training There is a serious shortage of teaching faculty. Management institutes should be encouraged to offer a Ph.D. programme. Since, industry benefits from good faculty in institutes, they should be encouraged to give fellowships to doctoral students working in management institutes, at sustainable levels. Doctoral students, after completing their first year of education, could start to assist faculty members in their teaching and research work. Banks should also be encouraged to offer loans to doctoral students. However, faculty shortage is so acute that, in addition to pursuing the above mentioned traditional routes, new support facilities have to be created. Management Faculty Development Programmes A foundation for management faculty development should be created which is financially sound and academically credible so that it can attract the best faculty domestically and from abroad. Such a new faculty development body may be promoted jointly by the IIMs, by industry and also by the government. To make this Foundation financially strong, funds may be raised, both domestically and abroad, from corporate and individuals. Foundation should support the faculty in newly created and existing institutes through training and re-training programmes. This Foundation should have good linkages with faculty abroad as well as involve industry at the governance and at the operational level. The proposed Foundation should be charged with leading and setting the standards for curriculum. It should seek a broad mandate with guidelines for what is needed for different sectors. Faculty must be required to devote at least 10-15 days after every 3-5 years for self development. There should be an incentive for being involved in some of the programmes of the Foundation for instance, successful completion of and involvement in such programmes can become points in favour of promotion of faculty. Setting up of new Management Education Institutes The establishment of a new wave of institutions within the stipulated governance and regulatory architecture that the Group has outlined above would raise the quality of management education in India. The following steps should be taken to open up new institutes: Invite Entrepreneurs: Transparent and smooth system for donations, tax breaks and other such incentives to donors must be considered. Permit Foreign Universities: Foreign universities with a good reputation in their home countries are expected to spur the Indian system to achieve higher levels of quality and to add a new attraction to the profession of management teaching. Invite Corporate to open up management institutes through which they can reap the benefits in the future and also fulfil their acts of corporate social responsibility. Measures to make management programmes more effective Making curricula sensitive to wider needs of society Indian economy is globalizing and a lot more research work done in the foreign countries is relevant. Solutions to a number of issues/problems in our country have to be very different as result of the cultural and social structure. As the Group is recommending departments of universities to become independent autonomous organisations, they should be encouraged to engage in exposing their students to the relevant social/cultural context in their local environment. It could be done through bringing into the classroom discussions/reflections of real life value-conflict situations as case studies. Executive Programmes The management institutes should be encourages to design and offer short duration programmes for government officers in their role as managers of economic areas. Making bachelor programmes more relevant The current Bachelors programmes are neither a good grounding for being managers nor a good preparation for entry into post-graduate programmes. This is mainly because of the inexperience and immaturity of the students and the text-bookish nature of the curriculum. The curriculum needs to be recast to prepare the students for junior management level jobs by introducing substantial duration of apprenticeship in organizations, if necessary with appropriate discipline/ sector specializations. Top institutes should adopt budding management institutes in their regions The possibility of leveraging the better-rated institutions to develop the promising management institutes needs to be explored. These institutes should assist the new institutes in ways like curriculum development, case study and teaching, student exchange programmes, sharing experiences in pedagogy, faculty development and placements. Distance Learning Programmes There have been a number of initiatives in providing online education/training in management. Online and Distance Learning programmes have the large potential to bridge the gap between demand and supply for managers in our dynamic economy. Conclusion The roadmap for implementation of the agenda for improving the standard of management education in India is given above. An agenda needs the support of administrators and enforcement by law to achieve the desired results. India has a long way to go as far as the quality of institutes and the level of management education is concerned. The growth rate of management education institutes does not match with that of the Indian economy because of which the demand supply gap of management professionals has widened and continues to do so. Implementing these steps will not only help narrow that gap but also achieve a certain level of quality. India already has a basic structure to impart quality management education; these steps will help in capitalizing upon that and overcome the shortcomings that are stopping the country to match the world standards in management education. The results will be prominent within the next 10 years and many more Indian institutes will appear in the top ranke d management institutes across the world.

The Benefits Of A Lifestyle Essay - 1714 Words

The Benefits of a Mindful Lifestyle in Multiple Populations According to Roger Walsh, a psychologist at the University of California, mental health professionals are relying more and more on medication to treat mental disorders. Walsh argues, however, that most mental disorders can be effectively treated by having a client make simple changes to their lifestyle. Lifestyle medicine, the branch of medicine dealing with the treatment of disorders by having a person change their way of living, focuses on how therapeutic lifestyle changes (including exercise, diet, recreation, relaxation, and service to others, just to name a few) affect psychopathology. In this setting, psychopathology refers to the collective features of clients’ mental health. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLCs) can be especially beneficial for clients who engage in unhealthy habits that may factor into to mental disorders. In fact, unhealthy lifestyles contribute to both poor mental health and poor physical health. Many serious, potentially deadly diseases today, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some forms of cancer are strongly impacted by a person’s lifestyle choices. In this paper, however, the focus will be on the effects of TLCs on mental health. In his article Lifestyles and Mental Health, Walsh mentions the benefits of using TLCs in place of excessive medication or psychotherapy. Usually, TLCs are affordable and accessible to most clients. Although some methods may require spendingShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle707 Words   |  3 Pagesaccidents, natural disasters and many other things, but what we don’t realize is that sometime we can be our own worst enemy. Our lives could be so much easier if we lead a healthy lifestyle. There are countless benefits in many areas, so, what are these benefits? First of all we can establish that a healthy lifestyle consists of following a good diet, sleeping well and exercising, among others; for one thing there is following a good diet, this helps you maintain your weight as eating well is crucialRead MoreBenefits Of A Healthy Lifestyle901 Words   |  4 Pages Benefits of a healthy lifestyle Amiyr Mohamed North Carolina AT State University BIOL 100- Section 8 Professor, Smith Fall 2017 Introduction Healthy living is having a balanced lifestyle to improve people’s health and well-being. Unhealthy living is engaging in activities that can potentially harm ones’ health. Obesity and heart disease are two of the many illnesses associated with an unbalanced lifestyle. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle are amazing compared to those who haveRead MoreBenefits Of A Healthy Lifestyle1154 Words   |  5 PagesHaving a healthy lifestyle could be a challenge to anyone. Although we all know that exercising and eating healthy are crucial for us to keep a good health, for some families these simple steps can be a huge challenge. The most common challenge are lack of time or money. Behind every health issue there is a reason. As a community we need to do research and educate our younger population on what is a healthy lifestyle and its importance. It is necessary that we enjoy a healthy lifestyle to prevent obesityRead MoreBenefits Of A Vegetarian Lifestyle884 Words   |  4 PagesBenefits of a Vegetarian Lifestyle I started my transition to a vegetarian diet approximately three years ago. I do not remember the exact date that the change took place, but I remember the important events that compelled me to make the decision. The shift was very sudden. Before I removed all meat from my diet, I was eating meat almost every day. I loved steak, seafood, cheeseburgers, ham, pepperoni, sausage, bacon, and many other types of meat. My attitude changed when I went online and foundRead MoreBenefits Of A Healthy Lifestyle Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesmental issues, and long-term complications can all be prevented through a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle includes not just exercise, but having a well-rounded diet, and engaging in positive mental health activities. In popular culture, important figures are often great sources that reveal to us just how important health is in our life and they also give us useful guidance and direction. Choosing a healthy lifestyle is essential for life and happine ss because in the end, our health is our entireRead MoreBenefits Of Living A Healthy Lifestyle1102 Words   |  5 PagesAs human beings we all have the desire to live longer lives. Well according to recent studies the key to longevity are diet and exercise. Living a healthy lifestyle can ultimately add years onto your life expectancy. There are certain groups of people around the world who are living longer lives. For instance let’s consider the pacific islanders of Okinawa. They have a life expectancy of more than 81, compared to the average life expectancy of 78 here in the United States. Another example wouldRead MoreBenefits Of Using A Hybrid Lifestyle1550 Words   |  7 PagesPositioning Keen’s intended position for their products is that their shoes are equally at home on the trail as they are in a coffee shop, resulting in the wearer being able to enjoy a hybrid lifestyle.   For the most part, the actual position in the minds of their customers fits this description.   However, there tends to be a general bias in favor of the â€Å"outdoorsy† image; in other words, people don’t tend to think of Keen shoes as being quite as well suited for an urban setting as they are for theRead MoreBenefits Of A Vegetarian And Vegan Lifestyles2131 Words   |  9 Pagesand build Eco-Village from scratch, what is the one thing you would change?† Lois said that the only thing she would change would be making the entire community vegetarian. At that moment, I did not completely agree with her. Vegetarian and vegan lifestyles have not yet become that affordable (both in terms of money and unresolved health issues) for every person on this planet. But th is paper is not about choosing the right life style. I do not have anything against vegetarians or meat-eaters. ButRead MoreBenefits Of Living A Healthy Lifestyle Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many benefits to living a healthy lifestyle, and there are many aspects that lead into it. Three important aspects that are most beneficial to a healthy life include sleep, diet and nutrition, and exercise. To live a healthy life starts at a young age. Living a healthy lifestyle when young is beneficial for adult life. One important aspect that is beneficial to adult health is sleep. Not getting the correct amount of sleep has immediate effects that are often overlooked. One importantRead MoreBenefits Of Employee Lifestyle Choices And Health Economics1113 Words   |  5 Pages-Suggest one (1) plan that you would use to purchase health insurance for your organization. Determine the extent to which employee lifestyle choices and health economics would factor in to your chosen plan. Provide a rationale for your response. I will use Innovation Health plan for my organization (Innovation health, n.d). According to Innovation Health (n.d), â€Å"Innovation Health is the result of a unique partnership between two industry leaders: Inova and Aetna. Inova is a nationally recognized

University of South Carolina Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of South Carolina is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 63%. Located in the state capital of Columbia, the University of South Carolina is the flagship campus of the South Carolina university system. With 324 bachelors, masters, and doctoral programs in 15 colleges, the University of South Carolina offers wide-ranging academic opportunities to students. UofSC is nationally known for its pioneering work with first-year college students. In athletics, the University of South Carolina Gamecocks competes in the NCAA Division I  Southeastern Conference. The university has a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  academic honor society for its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences, and it is also home to one of the countrys top honors colleges for high-achieving undergraduates. Applicants to the universitys Honors College will need to submit two letters of recommendation and two essays in addition to the standard application.​ Considering applying to the University of South Carolina? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of South Carolina had an acceptance rate of 63%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 63 students were admitted, making UofSCs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 30,884 Percent Admitted 63% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 30% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of South Carolina requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 50% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 600 670 Math 590 690 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of South Carolinas admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UofSC scored between 600 and 670, while 25% scored below 600 and 25% scored above 670. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 590 and 690, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 690. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1360 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at the University of South Carolina. Requirements The University of South Carolina does not require the SAT writing section. Note that UofSC participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject tests are not required for admission to UofSC. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of South Carolina requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 49% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 24 31 Math 24 28 Composite 25 30 This admissions data tells us that most of University of South Carolinas admitted students fall within the top 22% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UofSC received a composite ACT score between 25 and 30, while 25% scored above 30 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements Note that University of South Carolina does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. UofSC does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of University of South Carolinas incoming freshman class had high school GPAs between 3.78 to 4.50. 25% had a GPA above 4.50 and 25% had a GPA below 3.78. These results suggest that most successful applicants to UofSC have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of South Carolina Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of South Carolina. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of South Carolina, which accepts approximately two-thirds of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. Admissions is based primarily on high school courses and grades and standardized test scores. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Most students who got in had high school averages of B or better, combined SAT scores of 1100 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 22 or better. The higher those numbers are, the better your chances of getting an acceptance letter. Very few students with A averages and strong test scores were rejected from UofSC. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of South Carolina Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Inferno, By Virgil s Guidance And Support Dante

In the Inferno, through Virgil’s guidance and support Dante becomes more confident and self-sufficient. Dante developing in this matter in turn changes the dynamic in their relationship from teacher-student to equal companions in Dante’s eyes. How their interactions change shows this evolution. When the two meet, it is obvious Dante is lost and Virgil can see this. Virgil asks But you, why are you turning back to misery?/ Why do you not climb the peak that gives delight,/ origin and cause of every joy?† (Canto I, line 76-78). Virgil is trying to assess Dante’s situation. Dante is currently stuck with no foreseeable way to rejoin the proper path because a she-wolfis blocking the direct way. Dante lets know Virgil he needs help by saying, See the beast that forced me to turn back/ Save me from her, famous sage-- she makes my veins and pulses tremble (Canto I, lines 88-90). He is asking Virgil to save him showing he needs help getting out of his current posit ion because he thinks he cannot get out on his own. At this point we see the dynamic begin as teacher-student because Dante looks towards Virgil to use his knowledge to lead him out of his current situation. Virgil accepts this role through the lines, Therefore, for your sake, I think it wise/ you follow me: I will be your guide,/ leading you, from here, through an eternal place (Canto I, lines 112-114). We can see that Virgil starts early with his role as a teacher as he explains to Dante the nature of theShow MoreRelatedDante Alighieri : An Italian Poet1552 Words   |  7 PagesDante Alighieri was an Italian poet, originally from Florence experienced economic, political and religious disruption that reflected the town’s struggles. Hardship that he encountered, being the death of his mother, his wife Beatrice until his death in exile. Dante took his pain and suffering and turned it into his inspiration for his poetry. The Blacks seized control of Florence and in 1302 Dante and others were exiled. It was during Dante s exile he faced hardship and was forced to discontinueRead MoreThe Inferno By Dante And The Allegory Of The Cave1169 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion the sole symbol light can act as. Plato’s argument equates truth to light, while Dante’s argument equates God to light. Dante argues that the light is guiding, rather than definite. Through these two examples, I will show that light symbolizing the equivalent of truth or searching for truth yields problems. To support my claim, I will look at The Inferno by Dante and The Allegory of the Cave by Plato, whose interpretations of light appear to work well with one another. First, I will analyzeRead More Language in Dante’s Inferno Essay3881 Words   |  16 PagesLanguage in Dante’s Inferno What happens to language in hell? In Dante’s Inferno, the journeying pilgrim explores language’s variations and nuances as he attempts to communicate with hell’s pitiable and sordid inhabitants, despite multiple language barriers and relentless cacophonies. Dante thematically unifies language’s inconsistencies in hell; that is, he associates the pilgrim’s abortive attempts to communicate with particular shades, and the incomprehensible languages and sounds that beleaguerRead MorePurgatorio Essay4430 Words   |  18 Pagesmodern novelistic tradition of structure has led us to expect our plots to be arranged climactically, we tend to find this kind of geometric construction artificial and surprising, even though the practice was fairly common in medieval literature. Dante had himself already experimented with this kind of structure in La Vita Nuova. La Chanson of Roland, to cite another well-known example, seems by our standards to drag on surprising ly beyond the heros death; the plot has been carefully arranged, however

Law, Culture And Language Lyrics Of Hate - 1162 Words

IMITOMA Y’URWANGO, OR LANGUAGE LYRICS OF HATE Gilbert Ndahayo PhD French/Francophone Studies Northwestern University ANTHROPOLOGY 378 - LAW, CULTURE AND LANGUAGE Working Proposal Number 1 ï ¿ ¼After its independence in 1962 following the 1959’s Hutu revolution, Rwanda started to recreate its image to assay a new identity. Cultural motifs, historical manipulations and abiding laws were altered and ultimately remade through a new language: a language for the many, spoken by but a few. The French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy questions the â€Å"legal† practices within a society, specifically in societies that produce new languages and cultures of remembrance in â€Å"The Ground of the Image† (Fordam University Press: annotated edition 2005), â€Å"the image of [genocide] is sacred.†(1) To appeal to officially sanctioned history, an anthropologist perspective of the law is a central element in examining how language has been enlisted throughout the past of any civilization. The work of an anthropologist is to examine how the law has interpreted numerous cultural, historical and political events of varying importance. Further: what is deemed important to be studied and interpreted? In this paper, my study focuses on Simon Bikindi, one of the most famous Rwandan singers, and has two principal aspects. First, I will select and translate some of his Imitoma y’Urwango or â€Å"Language Lyrics of Hate† for the reader to well best appreciate the literariness of the language and its nuances. Second, I willShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of The Music Industry1686 Words   |  7 Pages2014). First of all let’s talk about the explicit lyrics with graphic references to sex, drugs, minorities, hate, violence, gays and lesbians that the music industry delivers these days. Should such language be censored or not? Parents are finding it hard to deal with such situation when their children are listening to music they find offensive. 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Leadership Quality of Steve Arnold Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Quality of Steve Arnold. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to assess the leadership quality of Steve Arnold, a production manager at Acne Manufacturing Company in New Jersey. According to the case study, Steve is facing troubles regarding his discipline, communication and punctuality. The first part of this report is to analyse the things that Steve did wrong and what should have been done. The second part identifies the strategies that Steve could do to be more effective as a manager. Wrong Situations and Fixations According to Manning and Roberts (2015), it is required that a good leader should be disciplined. Although Steve was already 35 minutes late for work, he spent extra 20 minutes chatting with his friend George Summers while entering work. Hence, Steve should have kept the conversation really short and precise to avoid further delay. He also forgot about the staff meeting at 9.30 with his boss as he never got a chance to look at the memo that he had received which announced the meeting. Steve should have kept the memo on his dashboard to avoid missing the meeting timings and agenda (Buble, Juras and Mati? 2014). Steve was then late for his pre-scheduled appointment with Mr. Ferris which he claimed to have not found on in his calendar. He then was not prepared with any technical answers to the question asked to him by Mr. Ferris. Clearly, it was required that Steve should have kept the appointments organized and have held some extra room for emergency conversations. Such emergency conve rsations included incidents where Steves co-associate Paul had to discuss some emergency problem in the production schedule by a major equipment breakdown (R?ducan and R?ducan 2014). Moreover, Steve should have kept the lunch meeting shorter as he was expecting an emergency call from his colleague Lucy who was on a strict timeline in training. Steve wasnt able to present quality figures given to him last week for assembling by his boss as he thought that it was important to finish the monthly production data. Here, Steve should have realized that meeting deadlines is an important key factor for an effective leader and hence, he should have worked on his bosss assignment prior to doing anything else. He then got late for his meeting of the plant safety committee and missed a call from Lucy again. Steve is severely suffering from time-management issues and needs to grow discipline in personal and professional life by stepping out of his comfort zone to become a better leader (McCleskey 2014). Effective Leadership Becoming an effective leader is important so that one can manage their employees. In the given case study, Steve lacks discipline, punctuality, organization, co-ordination and communication. He needs to overcome these issues to become an effective leader. Steve must communicate properly when relaying instructions, recapping meetings and doling out company updates. Steve must set goals for every department and shall give them a unified focus and inspire them to be together. It is important to meet deadlines and act within the proper time. The achievable goals must be set and Steve must set deadlines accordingly so that none is missed. Being late hurts relationships, sales, organizational culture and growth of the organization. As a leader, people count on Steve and are dependent on him. Steve can undergo manager training that could teach him the skills of communication, organization and co-ordination (Antonakis 2017). Coaching and mentoring is necessary for building skills and getting feedback. Steve needs to stop multi-tasking where he can focus on one thing at a time. He must delegate responsibilities to different people that shall make him less stressed and focus on being more productive. A list of things to do must be made by setting reminders on phone and computer. Work can be prioritized accordingly. Self-discipline must be practiced by Steve as it shall help him in gaining self-confidence. Clarity, accuracy and thoroughness are the best way to avoid miscommunication and keep your team on the same page (Men 2014). Conclusion Conclusively, in the case study, Steve is seen to be experiencing issues like discipline,time management and communication. Steve must communicate properly when relaying instructions, recapping meetings and doling out company updates. Steve can undergo manager training that could teach him the skills of communication, organization and co-ordination. Steve needs to keep his conversations precise to avoid delay. He must delegate responsibilities to different people that shall make him less stressed and focus on being more productive. References Antonakis, J., 2017. The nature of leadership. NSW: Sage publications. Buble, M., Juras, A. and Mati?, I., 2014. The relationship between managers leadership styles and motivation. Management: journal ofcontemporary management issues,19(1), pp.161-193. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), p.117. Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(2), pp.264-284. R?ducan, R. and R?ducan, R., 2014. Leadership and management.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,149, pp.808-812.

Global Health and Sustainability Hepatitis E

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Global Health and Sustainability hepatitis E. Answer: Introduction Hepatitis E virus infection is a significant public health concern internationally, and the incidence of people with Hepatitis E is growing day by day. It is a major cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis, and it is turning out to be an endemic in developing countries where it has caused increased morbidity. Millions of people are living with viral hepatitis, and many are at risk of developing the severe chronic liver disease and transmit the infection unknowingly to other people. It is not just confined to travelers returning from the endemic region but also in older men. The major problem identified for its endemic is that it has a poor prognosis due to the existence of other chronic liver disease and being often confused with drug-induced liver injury. Proper treatment also becomes a problem due to uncertainty about the source and route of infection. Due to the endemic, it will be a huge burden on the health care system and will affect people both financially and physically. T here is a particular population which is at more risk of the disease than others. Viral hepatitis has not received the desired attention from global health community. Since the problem has not been addressed in a serious way, it will have its effect on human health worldwide. The proposed solution is to improve the global health treatment model by increasing the testing of hepatitis in the high-risk area, arranging for affordable treatment options, creating awareness about the disease and looking into discoveries of Hepatitis E virus to understand the cause of disease. The global health community should work towards increasing sustainability and resilience of the disease and make it manageable for people. The report will also look into incidences of infection worldwide and develop an evaluation strategy for proposed solution. Hepatitis Hepatitis is a viral infection leading to inflammation of the liver. Different type of hepatitis virus types A, B, C, D and E are responsible for the cause of hepatitis worldwide. It may also occur due to auto-immune disease and toxic substance like alcohol and drugs. All the types of diabetes is a great concern for global health because of the burden of illness and the mortality associated with its epidemic outbreak (Cooke et al. 2013). The epidemiology of the disease, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment process varies for all types of hepatitis. Hepatitis type B and C is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Hepatitis B, C, and D occurs due to parenteral contacts such as infectious blood and other body fluids. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted by fecal-oral route either by the person to person contact or by ingestion of contaminated food or water. All types of hepatitis virus are transmitted through contaminated blood products, a medical procedure using the contamin ated equipment. Hepatitis B is transmitted from mother to baby during birth and by sexual contact. Acute infection leads to symptoms like jaundice, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain (Rehermann 2013). Since the focus is on Hepatitis E, more detail will be provided regarding it in this section. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mostly transmitted through faecal-oral route due to contaminated water or foods. It is a primary cause of hepatitis endemic worldwide and is becoming a significant concern for the global health. Vaccines for HEV infection developed in 2012, but it is not widely available. Humans are a natural host for the virus and areas with poor sanitation are at more risk of hepatitis virus transmission. Consumption of uncooked shellfish has also been identified as the source of disease in the endemic area (Hoofnagle et al. 2012). The incubation period for the virus ranges from 3 to 8 weeks but the period of its communicability is not yet discovered. The virus causes acute sporadic and epidemic viral hepatitis. The symptoms develop after 15-60 days of exposure (Kamar et al. 2014). Symptomatic infection is seen in young adults but in children the disease is mostly asymptomatic wh ich cannot be easily diagnosed. The typical signs and symptoms of hepatitis E are yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, pale stools, anorexia, enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever (Crespo et al. 2012). The symptoms are not distinguishable from the symptoms experience in the acute phase of illness. The infection last for 1 to 2 weeks. The disease may lead to fulminant hepatitis which is an acute liver failure in very rare case. Pregnant women are at risk of obstetrical complications, and the rate of mortality is about 20% in the pregnant women. Chronic hepatitis E infection and reactivation of infection is seen in immunosuppressed individuals (Labrique et al. 2012) Although most people recover from the illness completely, the mortality rate is high mainly in pregnant women reaching their third trimester. It can also have grave consequences in patients with preexisting chronic liver disease which results in decompensated liver and death. The mortality rate is high in solid organ transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy. HEV genotype 1 and two does not cause chronic illness, but a significant number of cases of hepatitis is E progressing to chronic liver disease has been reported (Krain et al. 2014). History of the problem HEV belongs to the genus Hepevirus in the Hepeviridae family. It is a single-stranded positive strand RNA virus. There are four genotypes of HEV. HEV was not recognized as a health concern until the 1980s. Till then all the endemic was related to hepatitis A virus. The development of serological assays proved HEV to be endemic in tropical and sub-tropical countries with major outbreaks reported in India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Mexico. Most epidemics have been caused by contaminated water following heavy rainfall. HEV infection has been affecting humans for centuries, but it has been recognized as a public threat only in the end of 20th century (Messina et al. 2015). The HEV infection was first clinically described after its outbreak in Delhi in 1955. Later it was characterized on clinically, morphologically, serologically and on molecular levels. After the development of serological and molecular diagnostic tools, it has received global attention. It became the focus of Viral He patitis Prevention Board meeting in Belgium and International Vaccine Institute in Korea. The true global burden of the disease has not been assessed, and international organizations are researching on it. Sequencing of HEV-RNA revealed that genotype 1 and 2 mostly infects humans and genotype 3 and 4 primarily infect humans as well as animals like pigs, boar, deer, etc (Abdelrahman et al. 2015). About 80% patients with HEV infection were reported to have traveled to HEV-endemic countries. So it is self-limiting disease causing significant morbidity and having risk only in pregnant and immunosuppressed person. International travelers are at risk of infection. New vaccines have been introducing, but full assessment regarding prioritization of intervention and allocation of resource is still in progress. It is also crucial to make people aware of not eating raw meat and uncooked sausages (Scobie and Dalton 2013). Global burden of the disease Viral hepatitis is a global health concern. It has caused 2.7 % death worldwide caused due to viral hepatitis and liver disease. HEV infection has occurred both sporadically and in the epidemic. True prevalence is not known it has just been estimated that about one-third of the world population has been infected. Genotype 1 HEV is an endemic in developing region like Asia, Africa, and South America. Genotype 2 HEV is common in the population of Mexico, Chad, and Nigeria. Autochthonous hepatitis E cases of genotype 2 are found in developing regions having high pig population. 17-20 Genotype 4 cases are found in countries like Japan, China, Taiwan and in India (Messina et al. 2015). Hepatitis E is common in regions having problems of water supply and inadequate environmental sanitation. Some of the outbreaks have occurred in areas of conflict such as war zones and refugee camp. The disease is mostly prevalent in Asia, Middle East, Africa and Central America. People living in a temporary settlement after any natural disaster and travelers visiting endemic regions are more at risk of the disease (Bruggmann et al. 2014). According to World Health Organization estimate, 20 million hepatitis E infections, 3 million symptomatic cases, and 56600 deaths has been reported worldwide. Global burden of disease is calculated by a systematic review of disease in the target area. One global burden of disease study showed that HEV genotype 1 and 2 has caused 20 million HEV infection, 3000 stillbirths, and 3.4 million symptomatic cases (Gower et al. 2014). Hepatitis E is common worldwide, but its prevalence is highest in East and South-East Asia. The endemicity report of Hepatitis E in South-East Asia region states that less than 50 % population is exposed to the infection in the eastern region and greater than 90% in the southern region. Eleven member states of WHO comprise South-East Asia region. It has one-fourth of the population living in the area and carries 30% world's total burden of disease (Franco et al. 2012). Every year about 14 million cases of Hepatitis E infection have been reported in the region. It contributes to half of the global burden of disease. In East Asia, the major outbreak has been reported in China (Rein et al. 2012). The seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibody in this region varies from 10 to 50% indicating it as hyper-endemic in the region. The incidence of HEV is more than 25 % of people below 50 years. Hepatitis E outbreak was also reported in the Central African Republic, and the seroprevalence rate is 24% in the Central African Republic. In Central America also Hepatitis E was reported in Mexico in 1980 (Lim et al. 2013). Issues After analyzing the report on Hepatitis E disease and its global burden worldwide, it is necessary to identify issues related to sustainability in the problem. What has lead to the disease becoming a global public health concern needs to be determined. There may be flaws in specific country's health model system. This section will describe the issue that has caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inadequate serological assays and global burden data: The Major problem is that there is limited surveillance for Hepatitis E disease and lack of awareness of disease occurrence. No apparent disease distribution is available; all are a just estimation. Seroprevalence of antibodies to HEV is a marker for previous exposure to the HEV (Junge et al. 2013). But getting seroprevalence data is challenging because of lack of comparability of results of different assays and presence of various genotypes with different disease patterns. Sometimes the serological test cannot clearly distinguish between genotypes and no reliable mathematical modeling data to determine the degree of disease burden. The laboratory assay results are generally poor meaning the poor level of diagnosis and many not getting diagnosed on time (Abravanel et al. 2014). Data for policy and action: The exact mechanism of high mortality rate in pregnant women is not known. Persons with the pre-existing chronic liver disease develop severe morbidity post HEV infection. The data for this in developed countries is limited, and there were incidences where the drug-induced liver injury was erroneously diagnosed instead of the real culprit Hepatitis E. So, repeated misdiagnosis is a cause of concern. Countries lack adequate surveillance system, and so evidence-based policy decisions cannot be taken (Everson et al. 2013). Challenges in transmission: Very few WHO member states have policies to provide HEV vaccine at birth and till now only 27% has received the vaccine. Though the vaccine has been introduced worldwide in 179 countries in 2010, still the global coverage of vaccine has not reached the estimated target of 90 %. The vaccine coverage till now is only 75%. Standard precaution for preventing the risk of transmission has not been implemented by healthcare facilities. This has lead to increased risk of transmission due to the negligence of health care. Sometimes this has lead to misdiagnosis of HEV (Spradling et al. 2013). Problems of poor sanitation: Contaminated food and water is the primary source of HEV transmission. Common routes of transmission include- fecal-oral transmission due to contaminated drinking water, food-borne transmission by food products derived from infected animals, zoonotic transmission from animal to humans, transmission through infected blood products and mother-fetus transfer. But currently around 37% of the world population does not have access to proper sanitation facilities and 11% do not have the resource to clean drinking water. So many people are living in unhygienic condition exposed to diseases. In many countries donated blood are not screened for transmissible infection (Singh et al. 2013). Lack of access to proper care and treatment: The health care system is also at fault and has contributed to the endemic. Health care lacks professional competency for diagnosis and treatment. The poor quality diagnostic is mostly seen because of resource limitation and below standard regulatory policies. Reasons for intervention So health organizer has the responsibility to mobilize support and develop a specific strategy to increase surveillance and prevention of HEV. The report on disease burden estimate and global prevalence needs to be improved by arranging for study in endemic and high prevalence areas. This is necessary to know the exact impact of the disease in the vulnerable and risky population. There were defects in serological assay report and mathematical modeling data leading to erroneous diagnosis. This is a great cause of concern. So public health department in different countries needs to support the development of scientific research on the problem. HEV infection is known to occur in the region with an acute shortage of water supply, poor hygiene, and sanitation, so adequate steps need to be taken for cleanliness drive in the country (Nelson and Williams2013). Intervention strategy There should be a national level strategy for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. The critical framework for developing resilience and controlling hepatitis virus infection should be as follows: The central vision should be to stop viral hepatitis transmission, and the change should be resilience and sustainable. Arranging for proper access to safe and efficient health care environment so that morbidity and mortality associated with the disease could be reduced. For the welfare of the community, there should be efforts to reduce treatment cost and increased surveillance of HEV infection in people. This will reduce socio-economic impact of viral hepatitis both at the individual level and population levels (Franco et al. 2012). Dimensions of intervention After analyzing the key challenges and problems in HEV infection worldwide, the following intervention is needed: Increasing awareness and mobilizing resources: The health professionals and policy makers will play a significant role in raising awareness among the public in endemic regions. WHO and member countries can provide support by mobilizing resource and supporting countries with limited resources (Wedemeyer et al. 2014). Creating an evidence-based policy for reducing the global burden of disease: No proper data on global prevalence of HEV is available. So action should be taken to increase collection of epidemiology data from different countries and analyzing global estimates for viral hepatitis. The government of endemic countries should arrange for conducting countrywide response workshop on the burden of the disease in selected country (Papatheodoridis et al. 2016). Developing methods for preventing virus transmission: Public health agency should promote the expansion of immunization drive across country. Although the vaccine is available vaccine coverage is not adequate. So, medical staff can contribute in protecting high-risk groups against the disease. They should be efforts to implement innovative immunization program and other approaches shortly. Behavioral and structural intervention include encouraging safe blood transfusion and creating facilities for safe food and water in countries and arrangements for proper disposal of sanitary waste (Bennett et al. 2014). Strategies for care and treatment: It is the responsibility of health care department to review treatment guidelines and remodel it according to inefficiency in the previous approach. Every diagnostics and therapeutics should be prequalified, and updated tools should be there for serological assessments. To tackle problems of high-cost treatment, they should develop modern scientific tools and negotiate with suppliers to reduce drug price. In places where the disease is endemic, WHO can play a role in assisting countries in developing national strategies (Curry et al. 2015). Implementation of chosen intervention and science behind it A comprehensive approach for prevention of viral hepatitis includes different levels of prevention. Primary prevention: Steps of primary prevention includes: Increasing availability of HEV vaccines and getting it licensed in countries where it is not available. Increasing awareness of HEV infection in the community. Promoting blood safety strategies by assuring quality-assurance screening of all donated blood samples. Taking infection control precaution in health care and giving training to health care staff related to occupational security measures. Making arrangements for safe food and water which provides protection against HEV infection (Evans 2013). Secondary prevention: Many people living with HEV infection are not diagnosed, and they are often confused with drug-induced liver injury. So early diagnosis is the key to receiving adequate medical support and preventing disease transmission. The advantage of early diagnosis is that it allows people to take precaution against damaging the liver. The precautionary steps for preventing damage to liver includes avoiding alcohol, drugs and tobacco which are harmful to the liver (Nelson and Williams 2013). The introduction of a proper screening test that confirms the diagnosis is essential. Blood donors should be appropriately counseled if reactive results are detected in them. This will provide them opportunities for early diagnosis. Medical support should also be given to an asymptomatic individual who comes to donate blood (Hewitt et al. 2014). Anti-viral drugs against HEV are not readily available. Advances and adequate research in therapeutics will lead to the development of new oral anti-viral medicines. The major focus should be on ensuring access to treatment regimens in lesser developed areas having a resource problem (Lawitz et al. 2014). Delivering intervention to chosen audience Since Southeast Asia is a major region for HEV infection, it has been selected for delivering the intervention. Involvement of WHO member states in Southeast Asia is essential in this regard. They should be encouraged to do a survey that will help them define proportions of hepatitis infection and death cases registered in the country. Implementation of national policy on the screening of pregnant women will be beneficial (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012). The health professionals in Southeast Asia will be adequately trained to develop competencies in treating patients with HEV infection. The essential drugs for treating disease will be effectively delivered in the country. Common drugs that will be readily available will include drugs like lamivudine, interferon alpha, and tenofovir (Hosaka et al. 2013). WHO will assist member countries in developing a national plan for E hepatitis prevention, estimating national burden and increasing viral hepatitis surveillance. No treatment will reduce the course of hepatitis E infection. But is the best approach and primary focus will be on giving treatment to symptomatic pregnant women and asymptomatic individuals in Southeast Asia. They will be provided Ribavirin treatment for 21 days to improve the function of liver enzymes (Charlton et al. 2015). The risk is also high in patient undergoing organ transplant. For treating such patients, immunosuppressive therapy will be reduced to increase viral clearance. If immunosuppressive therapy is not reduced in any patient, then anti-viral therapy will be provided to them. For patients with chronic HEV, ribavirin monotherapy for three months will clear HEV. Pegylated interferon alpha therapy for one year will also lead to sustained HEV RNA in patients who have undergone liver transplantation (Lawitz et al. 2014). In South-east Asia, there is a high level of water contamination due to polluted water and garbage disposal in river water. So the plan is to maintain quality standards of public water supplies and introducing proper disposal system to remove sanitary waste. In National awareness programs in member countries of South-east Asia, the individual member will be made aware of hygienic practices such washing hand with clean water and avoiding water whose purity is not known. To prevent contamination through food, they will be taught to avoid uncooked food (Cosgrove and Rijsberman 2014). Sustainable control steps will be taken by the health department to remove unhygienic water from poor sanitation area. Water hygiene and sanitation in any area is affected by factors like increasing population density, growing demand for water but limited water supply, climate variability and activities like construction of dams, roads, deforestation, agriculture, etc (Gorenflo and Warner 2016). The population density of Southeast Asia is also high, and this has made the region more vulnerable to waterborne diseases. This might also be the cause for the high prevalence of Hepatitis E infection. There is great climatic variability in Southeast Asia. Floods and drought affect water availability and water quality. If there is limited access to water, people is forced to drink contaminated water leading to the endemic. So the plan is to implement sustainable water use which will eliminate the problem. It will teach people to endure situations shortly without compromising on hydrological cycle of eco-system (Bain et al. 2014). For successful implementation of above approach and to reduce the burden disease, the plan is to research on sustainable water management. The plan is to implement water treatment system which serves the purpose of preventing HEV illness. Sustainability plans will be dealt with using interdisciplinary tools that will look into aspects of social, physical and ecology of targeted environment (Dora et al. 2015). An ecological perspective of research will help in understanding how to control transmission. The focus will be on the environmental determinant of HEV infection by increasing anthropogenic changes to the physical environment. The virus is transmitted to the environment by human feces and contact with infected animals (Ford et al. 2014). So, personal level of awareness is also necessary. Many people move about in poor sanitation area, and they are not aware of ways of transmission due to lack of education, underdevelopment, and poor education. So it is necessary to educate the m ass about how the disease is transmitted by this means and giving them knowledge about the interaction between the virus and environmental factors. Once people are aware of the causes of disease, they will themselves take adequate strategy to tackle the problem (Marlow et al. 2013) Conclusion From the whole study, it can be concluded that HEV infection is a global health concern worldwide and appropriate strategy for prevention of the disease is essential to look into the growing incidence of illness and determine preventive strategies in selected population. This briefing report was focused on Hepatitis E infection worldwide, and this briefing document gave detail on HEV infection worldwide. The briefing report was prepared to keep the theoretical framework of sustainability and resilience in mind. The briefing report gave detail on the cause of viral hepatitis and different types of hepatitis virus. It explained the cause of HEV and its associated symptoms. It emphasized on the individuals who at more risk of developing the disease. It gave detailed information about estimated burden of HEV worldwide and its estimated prevalence in the world. It was found that there is no available data for calculating global burden of disease. Since the population chosen for the study is South-East Asia, reports were provided on the mortality and morbidity rate of HEV in South-East Asia. After the detailed analysis of HEV infection worldwide, potential drawbacks and problems in HEV treatment were identified. Based on the challenges and problems faced by health care professionals and patients, intervention strategy for the disease was described. Different level of the surveillance program by the government was described, and it gave detail into how the intervention will be delivered in targeted population. It gave sustainable programs for improving water quality and sanitation in affected area. Changing anthropogenic activity will also be crucial for preventing hepatitis E virus transmission and its infection. It is estimated that if serious steps are taken, endemic countries can effectively manage the disease. Reference Abdelrahman, T., Hughes, J., Main, J., McLauchlan, J., Thursz, M. and Thomson, E., 2015. Nextà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ generation sequencing sheds light on the natural history of hepatitis C infection in patients who fail treatment.Hepatology,61(1), pp.88-97. Abravanel, F., Lhomme, S., Chapuy-Regaud, S., Mansuy, J.M., Muscari, F., Sallusto, F., Rostaing, L., Kamar, N. and Izopet, J., 2014. Hepatitis E virus reinfections in solid-organ-transplant recipients can evolve into chronic infections.Journal of Infectious Diseases,209(12), pp.1900-1906. Bain, R., Cronk, R., Hossain, R., Bonjour, S., Onda, K., Wright, J., Yang, H., Slaymaker, T., Hunter, P., Prssà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ustn, A. and Bartram, J., 2014. 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